Penard Labs

Penard Labs

Acanthopodia

Pointed, tooth-shaped pseudopodia.

  •  Acanthamoeba sp.

    Acanthamoeba sp.

  •  Dracoamoeba jomungandri

    Dracoamoeba jomungandri

  •  Luapeleamoeba arachisporum

    Luapeleamoeba arachisporum

Algaevorous

Feeds primarily or entirely on algae.

  •  Vampyrella pendula

    Vampyrella pendula

  •  Digestive cyst from Leptophrys vorax

    Digestive cyst from Leptophrys vorax

  •  Viridiraptor invadens

    Viridiraptor invadens

Anastomosis

Interconnection between different pseudopodia.

  •  Cercozoa

    Cercozoa

  •  Foraminifera

    Foraminifera

  •  Amoebozoa

    Amoebozoa

Aperture

Opening in the test through which cytoplasm can extend.

  •  Euglypha

    Euglypha

  •  Amoeboza

    Amoeboza

  •  Amphitrema wrightianum

    Amphitrema wrightianum

Athalamid

Without a single chamber; no test (= naked Foraminifera).

  •  Reticulomyxa

    Reticulomyxa

  •  Reticulomyxa

    Reticulomyxa

  •  Reticulomyxa

    Reticulomyxa

Axoneme

Stiff core of microtubules that forms the skeleton of cilia (9x2+2 arrangement) and axopodia (taxa-dependent arrangement).

  •  Actinpphrys sol

    Actinpphrys sol

Axopodia

Ray-shaped pseudopodia with a stiff core of a microtubullar-based axoneme and extrusomes.

  •  Actinosphaerium

    Actinosphaerium

  •  Choanocystis

    Choanocystis

Bacterivorous

Feeds primarily or entirely on bacteria.

  •  Microgromia

    Microgromia

  •  Choanozoa

    Choanozoa

  •  Ditrema

    Ditrema

Centrosome

Microtubule organizing center (MTOC).

  •  Biomyxa vagans - Amoeboza

    Biomyxa vagans - Amoeboza

  •  Centrohelida

    Centrohelida

  •  Centrohelida

    Centrohelida

Cilium

Eukaryotic flagellum; a cell membrane-bound extension supported by a microtubular-based axoneme and a basal body or kinetosome.

  •  Mulitple cilia on Pelomyxa

    Mulitple cilia on Pelomyxa

  •  Artodiscus

    Artodiscus

  •  Long anterior cilium of a stramenopile cell.

    Long anterior cilium of a stramenopile cell.

Crystal

Vacuole with crystal of nitrogenous waste products; the form of the crystals is an important trait.

  •  Foraminifera

    Foraminifera

Consumer

Species that eat other species.

  •  Mayorella with algae in food vacuole

    Mayorella with algae in food vacuole

  •  Nuclaria has consumed a Spiragyra algae, by quickly feeding and multiplying

    Nuclaria has consumed a Spiragyra algae, by quickly feeding and multiplying

  •  Pomopholyxophrys with another large amoeba as prey

    Pomopholyxophrys with another large amoeba as prey

Cyst

Resting stage in the life cycle with a protective wall. With distinct function (digestion, reproduction, resting) or multifunctional.

  •  Recituclomyxa

    Recituclomyxa

  •  Korotnevella limbata with distinct cyst-scales

    Korotnevella limbata with distinct cyst-scales

  •  Leptomyxiid

    Leptomyxiid

Cytoplasm

The entire liquid portion of a cell; liquid cytosol, organelles and inclusions.

  •  Foraminifera

    Foraminifera

  •  Cochliopodium with nucleus, food vacuoles, symbiotic algae and crystals

    Cochliopodium with nucleus, food vacuoles, symbiotic algae and crystals

Cytoproct

Cell anus; region where waste material is ejected to leave the cell.

  •  Foraminifera

    Foraminifera

Cytostome

Cell mouth; pseudostome.

Dactylopodia

Finger-shaped pseudopodia.

  •  Korotnevella

    Korotnevella

  •  Korotnevella

    Korotnevella

  •  Korotnevella

    Korotnevella

Ektosymbiotic bacteria

Symbiotic bacteria in the glycocalix.

Encystment

Forming a cyst or becoming enclosed in a cyst.

  •  Leptophrys shortly before encystment

    Leptophrys shortly before encystment

Endosymbiotic bacteria

Symbiotic bacteria in vacuoles within the cytoplasm.

Epipodium

Plasma projection in shelled amoebae to connect the protoplast with the shell.

Exocytosis

Export of material (non-digestible food particles) out of the cell; defecation.

Extrusome

Membrane-bound structure that can be extruded (e.g. trichocyst, haptocyst, kinetocyst).

Excystment

Emergence from a cyst by local softening the cyst wall or by passing through a pre-formed annulus.

  •  Leptophrys emerging from a cyst.

    Leptophrys emerging from a cyst.

  •  Empty Leptophrys cysts. The amoeba encysts to digest and devides. Two trophozoites  perforate the cyst wall and emerge.

    Empty Leptophrys cysts. The amoeba encysts to digest and devides. Two trophozoites perforate the cyst wall and emerge.

  •  Empty Leptophrys cyst. The amoeba encysts to digest and devide.

    Empty Leptophrys cyst. The amoeba encysts to digest and devide.

Eyespot

Pigmented area (synonym: stigma).

  •  Synura

    Synura

Filopodia

Fine filamentous pseudopodia, containing no granuloplasm or microtubules, sometimes branching, but never anastomosing.

Glycocalix

Cell coat; layer of polysaccharids and proteins anchored in the cell membrane.

Glycostyle

Vertical and prismatic structures in the glycocalix of amoebae.

Granulopodia

Fine filamentous pseudopodia, with granules (extrusomes), sometimes branching and anastomosing.

Granuloreticulopodia

Network of reticulopodia with internal bundles of microtubules and granuloplasm; bidirectional plasma streaming (Foraminifera).

Hyaloplasm

Inclusion-free, almost transparent cytoplasm.

Hydrogenosome: membrane-bound organelle in some anaerobic protists; generates H2 to turn oxygen into H2O; of endosymbiotic origin.

Hydrogenosome

Membrane-bound organelle in some anaerobic protists; generates H2 to turn oxygen into H2O; of endosymbiotic origin.

Lobopodia

More or less broad, with cytoplasmic streaming; may have a clear hyaline region at the front.

Plasmodium

Multinucleate cell.

  •  Leptomyxiid

    Leptomyxiid

Protosteloid

Amoebozoans that make simple fruiting structures comprised of a de novo formed acellular stalk (sporocarp) supporting one to a few spores.

Scale

Element of specific shape; organic, siliceous or calcareous; used to form a periplast or a test. Microscales are scales not visible in a light-microscope. Scales can be organic, cal

  •  Scales cover the dorsal side of Cochliopodium

    Scales cover the dorsal side of Cochliopodium

  •  Cochliopodium

    Cochliopodium

  •  Korotnevella with two different scale types.

    Korotnevella with two different scale types.

  •  Choanocystis has two types of scales, spine-scales and plate-scales.

    Choanocystis has two types of scales, spine-scales and plate-scales.

Sorocarp

Multicellular subaerial fruiting body.

Spine

Stiff, pointed element.

  •  Cochliopodium with spine-scales

    Cochliopodium with spine-scales

  •  Acanthocystis turfacea

    Acanthocystis turfacea

Sporocarb

Single amoeboid cell differentiates into a usually stalked, subaerial structure that supports one to many propagules termed spores.

Spore

Agent of reproduction.

Subpseudopodium

Hyaline projections of different shape, usually anteriorly directed, which do not take part in the relocation of the main cell mass.

  •  Korotnevella

    Korotnevella

Syncytium

Multinucleate, mostly large or giant cell; formed by fusion of individual cells.

  •  Nuclearia with two Syncytiums

    Nuclearia with two Syncytiums

  •  Large Syncytium of Actionsphaerium

    Large Syncytium of Actionsphaerium

  •  Syncytium of Chrysamoeba with shared plastid

    Syncytium of Chrysamoeba with shared plastid

Tectum

Layer of scales covering the dorsal side of the cell (Himatismenida).

Theca

Unspecific term for cell covering (synonym: test).

Trophozoite

Active form of a cell.

  •  Leptrophrys

    Leptrophrys

  •  Chlamydomyxa

    Chlamydomyxa

  •  Biomyxa

    Biomyxa

Uroid

Posterior end of an amoeba; the form of the uroid is an important trait.

Xenosome

Foreign element; often grains or diatom frustules used for the construction of a test.

  •  Centropyxis

    Centropyxis

  •  Organic cement agglutinating xenosomes

    Organic cement agglutinating xenosomes

Zoochlorellae

Green algae in vacuoles as intracellular symbionts; often of the genus Chlorella.

  •  Mayorella viridis alawys has Chlorella symbionts

    Mayorella viridis alawys has Chlorella symbionts

  •  Actinophrys sol can be found in winter with Chlorella too

    Actinophrys sol can be found in winter with Chlorella too

  •  Cochliopodium with Chlorella symbionts

    Cochliopodium with Chlorella symbionts